Description of Navigating by Eye

If the risk to the vessel is going to be at an unacceptable level the captain is going to have to be in the wheelhouse.

This quote from Hutchins is what a watch officer has to learn what to do:

“establishing correspondences between the features of the environment and the features of some representation of that environment.”

If the watch officer simply conns the ship using the ECDIS without reference to the environment they are not going to learn anything and are going to require assistance each and every time.

Most inexperienced watch officers will feel separation anxiety if not standing right in front of the ECDIS but as their skill level increases so will their confidence.