I watched the ‘Frontline’ report offered by Nauticart. There’s no doubt about the facts concerning many of the safety issues raised, but I do wonder about the journalistic ‘hairbrushing’ in order to deliver their message, as well as, the willingness of families to be paid off by withholding information, a very serious cause for concern in the US where the $ may be a more important recompense than justice! What does this say of culture anywhere in the US?
Bill, with regard to your position on ‘Unity of Command’ (principle of management stating that each subordinate should report to only one superior) the following points may be considered pertaining to authority and responsibility:
BP, sets the agenda for daily activities on the drilling vessel and discuss their intentions with the OIM in the morning meetings. All intentions for the well are approved by the OIM. The OIM will support or reject the procedures during these meetings. The plans are organised and delivered in advance from onshore engineering sources, in advance where possible. When agreed, the language and understanding of the procedures should be understood by the Toolpusher, Driller, Assistant Driller, Logger…actually, the whole crew. Instructions are clear, and it is the OIM’s responsibility to ensure the TO crew performing the operations understand the instruction. The instruction is often not spelt out but refers to existing procedures which the contractor has in place and must follow.
So, BP deliver their procedure and the Co Man discusses it with all relevant service companies and the OIM in the morning meeting. Naturally, plans may change throughout the day which will require permits and analysis to be in place (SJA).
The OIM, the responsible person on the vessel, has the responsibility to ensure his crew adhere to the plans.
The Driller, is responsible for all activities in his area and is the sole person in control of the operation, with guidance from the Toolpusher when required. The Driller directs all crew members to perform tasks. The crew members provide feedback. The Assistant Driller, discusses the operation with the driller, and Toolpusher if required, to prepare in advance all equipment. The Derrickman, is in charge of the mud pumps and mixing system and reports to the Driller and the Mud Engineer. The A/D supports him as requested.
The Service companies always report to the Driller when entering the DF.
The Driller reports anomalies to the Toolpusher who may seek further clarification from the OIM depending on the situation.
The system requires continuous communication. It’s not uncommon for a Driller to answer 150 telephone calls in a day, and answer the radio set a similiar number of times. There is constant comunication. And, there is a constant reference to the Operator’s programme, whilst still questioning its content. Never swallow a pill you can’t digest!
So, the well had many failures that are being investigated. Bill, as you also suggest…none of it is relevant to the blowout.
Hydrostatic pressure is everything in a well. It prevents hydrocarbons entering the wellbore. We observe for volume gain and pressure changes to verify an anomaly exists.
BP, wanted to displace the well to Sea Water. They planned to do this in stages whilst still maintaining an overbalance in the well by pumping a heavy 16.0 ppg spacer. The OIM agreed to this. No problem as far as I’m concerned.
How was the test to be performed, and who are the authorities while this test is ongoing? BP, state how to conduct the test. Did BP state the line-up required? I don’t know what the Driller or Toolpusher were instructed to do. One thing you never do is open the bleed-off on the standpipe to perform the Negative test. TO opened the Bleed-off and took returns up the standpipe without controlling the volume back. They no longer had hydrostatic overbalance pressure in the well, and therefore, allowed hydrocarbons to enter the well at this point, without understanding what occurred. Meanwhile, losses took place because the Annular wasn’t holding and further confusion ensued. Eventually, the Annular sealed when additional closing pressure was applied.
The test was then required to be re-performed using the Kill Line with Halliburton observing volumes back (the correct way to conduct the test). The Kill line registered ‘0’ psi while the drill pipe registered 1400 psi. Let’s assume nothing entered the well before this test. Now is the time to establish whether or not we can continue with the displacement. We have ‘0’ psi against ‘1400’ psi. BP, the Toolpusher, the OIM and the Driller are all capable of understanding that the test failed. Why? Because both values should have read ‘0’ without any flow from the well.
Who conducted the test? TO.
Who lined up the test? TO.
Who explained the ‘bladder effect’? TO. It doesn’t exist!
TO failed to look after their own interests. Meanwhile, the senior TP and the OIM were hosting VIPs on the rig! Why weren’t they involved in the critical operation to verify if the displacement could continue or not? Their concern for the operation appear to be of little input, a very dangerous way for leaders to behave.
But, the BP engineer on the rig has to overule the anomalous readings. He didn’t. Was he still listening to some sort of ‘bladder effect’ which wasn’t taught at engineering school?
So, we carry on with the displacement. What was the requirement of TO at this stage? To monitor the well’s volumes and the pressure reduction as the heavy fluids are removed from the Annulus. What happened? Pressure increased and volumes were ignored. How much volume of fluids entered the well prior to action/phone calls being made? More than 1000 Bbbls. This is the worst case of invasion of hydrocarbons into a well without anyone taking action.
Responsibility lies very heavily with TO for not observing the well’s volumes and pressures. Who is responsible for this action, the OIM. He plans the work. It’s his vessel to protect. His men are in position to police the well. There’s no point in any of us looking for someone else in this example. BP, may have failed to interpret a Negative test, but all is not lost at this point. All is lost when volumes and pressure are ignored.