City of Rotterdam incident was mentioned in this thread:
gcaptain article here:
Annex A of hte report is intresting: Ergonomic aspects of an aerodynamic ship bridge design City of Rotterdam IMO 9473468
In the normal situation of ship control while looking forward, a navigator is using vision for action, effectively an extension of how we move around ourselves (visually guided locomotion). This is an egocentric frame of reference. The nature of the task (a visual transit, estimating time to collision etc.) is bound to an egocentric frame of reference.
Gibson’s term “optical flow” is not used but that’s “how we move around ourselves” as well as conn ships.