[QUOTE=tugsailor;140349]It all depends on the company, the geographic area, the type of trade, crew size, crew capability, the customs of the trade, and company policies.
Tugs are often sailing with only four or maybe five men. Mostly old men. Six or more in the crew has become very unusual. Usually, the entire crew is needed to make and break tow, cross a bar, tie up the barge, and handle and lash cargo.
I think it would be fair to say that on the West Coast the custom in the trade is that the captain is normally up and in control of the tug,or at least watching over the mate, while in pilotage waters. The captain does all barge landings. Normally, the captain pilots and lands the barge by radio while standing on the side of the barge that is going alongside the dock. The captain radios engine and rudder commands to the tug, and the assist boat, if there is one. Many companies have policy manuals that specify these details. Some companies will allow the captain to run the tug while landing the barge if he has good visibility over it, some won’t. Some companies will allow the captain to run the tug and use the mate as a distance caller. A couple of companies routinely do tow line landings, but most will not not allow that. Tow line sailings are generally allowed. There are no manned barges on the West Coast. Many docks have big tides and line handlers are often nonexistent. The ability of the tug crew to be able to put slip lines around pilings is important, until someone can climb a ladder to handle lines. Many places there are no longshoremen and the tug crew has to handle the cargo. Sometimes the mates are fully capable, sometimes they are green as grass, sometimes they might be very capable somewhere else but have no local knowledge, sometimes they are very capable with some exceptions, usually they are somewhere in between.
Certain places are special cases. The captain cannot stay up for five or six days all the way through the Inside Passage of BC and Southeast Alaska. The custom is that the captain will be up for the more challenging places, such as Active Pass, Seymour Narrows, Boat Bluff, Wrangell Narrows, and many more. Nor can most captains cross the Columbia River Bar and stay up for 20 hours of close passes with fast moving downbound ships and overtakings by upbound ships all the way to Portland.
The custom on the East Coast is that the captain and the mate are assumed to be pretty much equally capable and each run their own watch doing whatever needs to be done. The captain or the mate runs the tug and uses a deckhand as a distance caller while landing the barge. The ability of the deckhand to accurately call distances in English is sometimes doubtful. In the East Coast oil trade, barges are usually manned by two experienced tankermen to call distances and the barges have winches to tie up the barge. The docks always have linehandlers. The tugs in the oil trade have upper pilothouses with good visibility. I have never heard of a tug crew handling cargo on the East Coast; the longshoremen do that.
Certain companies, such as Crowley, seem to generally use the West Coast method of doing things wherever they operate.
No doubt there are many different variations that I have never seen.
There is a very big difference between running a tug with four or five men on a two thousand mile voyage with a dozen port calls, and running a DP mudboat with 15 men back and forth between one rig and one dock.[/QUOTE]
Well said. As usual. Thxs