Legal aspects of Autonomous ships

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Autonomous Containership Trialed in Japan:

Autonomous Containership Trialed in Japan

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First autonomous ocean crossing by a large commercial vessel:

South Korea marks landmark autonomous transoceanic voyage with LNG carrier -...

Still with the bridge fully manned at all times.

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SOP in shipping, you need the Captain as the fall guy

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Hyundai makes small steer without man but a giant one for autonomous ships -...

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Two drone “barges” are on their way from the building yard in India to Norway:

Her starter Askos sjødroner reisen mot Norge

They will initially be manned, but if everything goes to plan they will make their first fully autonomous unmanned crossings on f the Oslo fjord in 2024:

Autonomous electric barges being developed by Kongsberg Marine and its...

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Daewoo Shipyard Completes Performance Run Of Test Ship For Autonomous...

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The Autonomous and electrical powered vessel the “YARA BIRKELAND” approaching her berth in Heroya, Norway.
Photo: Capt Peter Reinsma Master of LPG/C/E “Coral Patula”©

PS> There are still a crew onboard for safety and legal reasons. (Only to watch, not touch)

Before you ask; mooring is also autonomous:

Automated mooring system

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ONE SEA ADDS AVIKUS TO BRING KEY SOUTH KOREAN INNOVATOR INTO AUTONOMOUS SHIP TECHNOLOGY ALLIANCE:
https://thedigitalship.com/news/electronics-navigation/item/8193-avikus-joins-one-sea-s-autonomous-ship-technology-alliance

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Breakthrough year in autonomous shipping as international collaboration ramps...

2022 was a year of breakthroughs in autonomous shipping, opening the way for further significant progress in the coming 12 months. During MSC 105 in April, The International Maritime Organization (IMO) provided a roadmap for developing the MASS Code – anticipating a global regulatory framework on the operation of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS).

The development of MASS regulations will remain One Sea’s priority, and we will continue to work with stakeholders around the world to encourage collaboration at every level and establish a shared vocabulary towards an enabling legislative framework.