I do not have any refr. only that it takes a lot of electricity to make hydrogen from freshwater by electrolysis, which has been widely stated as one of several reasons why hydrogen is NOT the future marine fuel. It stand to reason that the same apply if you use seawater as “feed stock” (??)
You have obviously studied this more than me, so I bow to superior knowledge.
I have no real practical knowledge of that technology. I only know a few details from reading reports and papers that are relevant to my current business.
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For any fuel to succeed as a Marine fuel there has to be bunkering points around the world:
Waterfront Shipping, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Methanex Corporation, has demonstrated the ease of barge-to-ship bunkering as part of the launch this week of the world’s first barge-to-ship methanol bunkering operation at the Port of Rotterdam....
Estimated reading time: 2 minutes
Unless you go Nuclear, in which case bunkering happen infrequently.
PS> Disposal of spent fuel may be as much of a problem.
Hydrogen has wider application in shipping:
Hydrogen powered ferries will be coming soon
Green Ships, based in Oslo, wants to build two big hydrogen-powered ropax ferries, to connect Nice, Corsica and Sardinia. Ferry Shipping News understands there is a letter of intent with Fosen Shipyard. (source: Norwegian Maritimt Magasin)The first ship could be ready end of 2022, the second in summer 2023. Source : Ferry Shipping News & Ferry Shipping Summit
Another voice for nuclear fueled ships of the future:
Wade Allison, emeritus professor of physics at the University of Oxford, on why nuclear power is such an obvious choice to solve shipping’s decarbonisation riddle. Committees don’t change course – they see themselves as the stand on vessel. If their...
Estimated reading time: 3 minutes
International shipping faces full inclusion in EU carbon market from 2026:
Under the draft EU plan, shipping would be added to the ETS gradually from 2023, when ship owners must surrender enough CO2 permits to cover 20% of their emissions.
This would rise to 45% in 2024 and 70% in 2025 and from 2026, ship owners would need to surrender enough permits to cover 100% of their ETS-covered emissions.
If a shipping company failed to comply with the ETS for two years running, an EU country could issue an “expulsion order” to the EU to ban ships owned by the company from the bloc’s ports, the draft document said.
One more contender to become the Marine Fuel of the future:
Østensjø Group is looking to develop and market emission-free onboard propulsion systems for the shipping sector based on organic oil loaded with hydrogen. The Norwegian shipowner has founded a joint venture company with Germany’s Hydrogenious LOHC...
Estimated reading time: 2 minutes
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One more vote for Methanol:
Royal IHC is exploring the use of this fuel in our work vessels and is participating in sector-wide cooperation projects in this area. We would like to focus on the potential for methanol in the offshore market, and in particular, inter-array...
Lots of different fuels are in the running as the Marine Fuel of the Future:
Incl. nuclear:
You need a degree in physics to understand the subject of nuclear-powered ships. The technical issues that come with nuclear power at sea are not easy for an amateur, such as a generalist manager, to understand, and unless you can chat about why...
Estimated reading time: 4 minutes
Or maybe not??
Green Hydrogen in some form is a frontrunner:
The Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) has awarded a subsidy of €3.6m to the PosHYdon project, the world’s first offshore green hydrogen pilot on a working oil production platform in the Dutch North Sea. The project seeks to validate the integration...
Estimated reading time: 1 minute
Or maybe not??
Maybe in the form of Green Ammonia?:
Commodities giant Trafigura has teamed up with Germany-based startup Hy2gen on a study aimed at quantifying the needs of the shipping industry for green ammonia as the industry transitions to low andzero carbon maritime fuels. The two companies have...
Estimated reading time: 1 minute
Or maybe not??
Meanwhile good old HSFO is in high demand:
https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/shipping/072221-analysis-singapores-june-bunker-fuel-sales-gain-on-soaring-hsfo-demand
That is not “Maybe”.
Looks like one more vote for Hydrogen:
California has given Scripps Institute of Oceanography $35 million to design and build a new coastal research vessel. The project includes a hydrogen-hybrid propulsion system.
Est. reading time: 3 minutes
Are any one of the alternative fuels above likely to “win”??
Not likely:
Conclusion
As things stand at present, it appears that the transition to alternative fuels for shipping is likely to be led by industry participants, rather than regulators, and that the future is likely to be diverse. A variety of fuels may be deployed across the industry with not all sectors, or even ships within sectors, utilising the same fuel and possibly even with some ships utilising multiple fuels, and fuel supplements such as wind and solar power, aboard.Production and upstream pollution, and the emissions of combustion products other than CO2, will be factors for consideration when selecting alternative fuels and at some point the industry may start to downsize, as a result of a global drop in demand for fossil fuels. This may go hand in hand with older fossil fuel burning (and carrying) vessels naturally reaching their end of life, and could lead to a spike in ship disposals, as vessels become economically and environmentally obsolete. A new era of ships and shipping dawns.
Using wind power in different ways to aid fuel saving are also being tested.
Here is a new idea:
Mitsui OSK Lines (MOL) is looking at every line and curve of its ships to make energy savings wherever is possible, even down to the cargo handling cranes on deck. Japan’s largest shipowner is teaming with compatriots Oshima Shipbuilding and Iknow...
Estimated reading time: 1 minute
PS> That includes reducing wind, wave and hydrodynamic resistance by different means.
One more vote for Ammonia as winner of the “Marine Fuel of the Future” trophy:
Belgium’s Exmar and Canadian fertilizer company Nutrien have joined forces to develop and build a low-carbon ammonia-fuelled vessel as early as 2025. The collaboration aims to slash Nutrien’s maritime transportation emissions and enable the...
Estimated reading time: 1 minute
One step closer for hydrogen as the future Marine Fuel??:
Europe’s largest port is involved in a study that looks at shipping hydrogen using existing infrastructure. Port of Rotterdam Authority, Koole Terminals, Chiyoda Corporation and Mitsubishi Corporation have signed an agreement on a joint study on the...
Estimated reading time: 2 minutes
Now here is a green story that sounds like its actually green
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