As has been noted already, only U.S. citizens can receive officer endorsements (licenses). Citizens and non-citizens admitted for permanent residence in the U.S. can receive ratings endorsements.
If you obtain U.S. citizenship, you would be eligible for U.S. officer endorsements. The national endorsement (license) is straight forward. Service on foreign vessels is acceptable, even under the authority of credentials from another country. For example, if you have time as a First Assistant Engineer (Second Engineer Officer in STCW) under UK credentials, that time would be accepted as First Assistant Engineer service for U.S. credentials. You would need to take the appropriate examinations for whatever you apply for, and meet any “ancillary” training requirements. For any engineer license, this would be basic and advanced firefighting and first aid and cpr.
STCW endorsements are more complicated. As has been noted, the U’S. does not endorse foreign certificates, and does not issues certificates attesting recognition of foreign certificates. You will need to demonstrate that you meet all of the current U.S. requirements for the STCW endorsement, that you hold a certificate from another country by itself will not be sufficient. You will need to provide sufficient information on your training and demonstrations of the STCW competence to evince that you meet current U.S. requirements. This might be very difficult if your training for either the management level (Second Engineer Officer/Chief Engineer) or OICEW were before STCW95 (pre-2001). Current requirements for Chief Engineer are in NVIC 15-14 and for OICEW in NVIC 17-14.
Youi would be currently eligible for national QMED endorsements and STCW ratings endorsements. For any of the QMWED endorsements, you need 6 months in the engine department, and foreign time is acceptable. There are separate exams for each QMED endorsement. You would also be eligible for an STCW endorsement as Able Seafarer-Engine, seeNVIC 18-14 for more information. You might be eligible3 for this without further training or practical assessment. Mariners who held a QMED endorsement before January 1, 2017, are eligible without further training or assessment (See paragraph 2.b. of Enclosure (1) to the NVIC).