The questions which need to be answered are:
How was the Macondo well allowed to vent hydrocarbons without any form of volume control?
Do TO have procedures in place to control and monitor volumes?
Would there have been a blowout if they on the vessel had recognised a flowing well?
Can another blowout occur if we fail to monitor well volumes?
Did the crews fail to monitor pressure trends?
Is it acceptable to backload to the boat while displacing, thereby, ignoring volume control?
Is it acceptable to inform the logger that monitoring of well volumes is not required or possible?
How was it possible to misunderstand the results of the Inflow test?
Did the cement failure cause a blowout?
Were the barriers verified?
Do the crews offshore need further training?
Is there a culture problem in the industry?
Why was a Shear Ram installed in the BOP which was unable to shear pipe…in any position?
Is it acceptable to rely on the BOP while ignoring displacement volumes?
What is the contractual obligation between TO and BP regarding monitoring well volumes?
Has the practice of displacement without monitoring volumes been a widespread failure on all vessels in the GOM?
Why is there so little coverage in the investigations concerning volume control, the best indicator of an anomaly?
Again, is there a culture problem?
Did the crews adhere to stated volume control procedures?
If volume control had been in place would the crew have had time to intervene? And, would there have been a blowout?
Could the Macondo be producing today if volumes had been controlled?
Steve, you speak of all ‘potential causes’. It’s important that everyone understands that there would not have been a blowout if volumes had been tracked, if pressure had been interpreted, and if the inflow test (testing to see if the cement barrier was holding back hydrocarbons) was conducted in a professional manner. As we all know, the authors of this tragedy are all from the US. And yet, the citizens, media and President of the US concluded within hours/days that a foreign company was at fault.
Apparently, we’re still looking for the causes! What does this suggest to the rest of the world?
Regarding the evidence, from day one, drillers and drilling teams around the world knew that they couldn’t have been monitoring volumes on the vessel.
You do not get blowouts when you monitor volumes. You react and shut in the well, circulate out the hydrocarbons or bullhead them back into the formation.
It’s true that a liner was an alternative to running the long string casing. But, the long string was successfully run and landed in the wellhead. The cement failed. Was there a blowout? No. The inflow test was the first opportunity to verify the barrier. It failed, and no-one understood, but recklessly continued with the operation. Is there a blowout at this stage? No.
They displace to SW above the BOP to test the barrier. No blowout.
They perform the inflow test. No blowout, but a very significant indication that all is not well as demonstrated by the anomalous volumes being bled off. Good opportunity to recognise all is not well and the cement barrier may not be withstanding the differential pressure. Good time to act! But, they somehow agree that the test passed…because there was no flow up the Kill line despite 1400 psi on the DP gauge.
Rig personnel focused on the fact that no flow was coming out of the kill line instead of
addressing the implications of the shut in pressure having built up on the drill pipe. After some discussion
on the rig, the negative test was deemed a success. However, the pressure build up actually meant that the
test had failed. The explanation used on the rig was an erroneous theory referred to as the “bladder effect”
(see BOEMRE 2011, 95). The term, as used in the industry, is unrelated to the situation faced during the negative pressure test.
Again, reckless decision-making. Has the well blown out or is it about to? No. Can we control it if we recognise the anomaly? Yes.
Then, the final part of the SW displacement! Is the well flowing? Yes.
Have we had a blowout? No. Can we still shut in if we recognise a 50 Bbl gain in volume. Absolutely. Would we have a blowout? No. We would have a well control situation and decisions would have to be made on which method of killing the well we wish to select, as is often practiced on wells around the world. Do we have a blowout? No.
So, why was there a blowout on the Macondo? No-one checked for any form of volume control.
The biggest question is: Why have the investigators failed to follow this up? Why do they persistently look for causes where they don’t exist? There are always alternatives to well design, pros and cons, but a decision is made and those decisions may not reflect well on BP when the media, lawyers, President Obama and others distort the facts relating to the CAUSES of the blowout.
No argument from me on standards, they can only improve. But the basics of controlling a well hasn’t changed.
Steve, I defy you to check if I’m wrong. Ask the Well Control Schools how to maintain control of a well.
The stated procedure of all drilling contractors is to minitor the well’s volumes when the BOP is attached to the well. Not to do so is gross negligence and reflects the hopes of a poker player.
It is so easy to recognise a kick taking place when culture, standards, practices and procedures are adhered to. But you need qualified people to police the well and ensure activities are conducted according to procedure.