The IMO adopted an ISM Code >25 years ago to the effect that all ships trading internationally should have an international safety management (ISM) system (in writing) describing all work aboard, which is the responsibility of the ship owner at shore. It is part of SOLAS. The ISM system must be certified. It is quite easy. All crew members have a job description what they do in the system aboard and if they are not happy about it, they can complain about it all the way to the ship owner on shore. The Master of the ship must follow the ISM and cannot decide anything himself against the ISM system aboard. Of course national shipping is different. Any country can decide its own local rules.
All mega container ships today have an ISM system. I assume the watch keeping officer on the bridge must look out and slow down or change course to avoid impacting a big wave at night in severe weather to avoid suddenly losing 1000+ TEUs overboard, when the others are asleep.