Why would it do that? I would have thought the windlass specifications would be to lift the combined weight of anchor and all the cable. Is that not so?
If the windlass can’t do it, you would have to cut the cable.
My background is from warships. We always had the option of weighing by deck tackle. This was exercised every now and then. It can only be done where there are long sections of the cable exposed on deck as with warships. Capstan and cable holders on the deck forward of the main guns provided a lower profile than windlasses to allow the guns to fire ahead at low elevation. All hands were required with a large tackle to heave in the cable in short lengths and another smaller tackle to overhaul the main one after each section. Generally not considered great fun for the crew but there was always the option.
You seem to be suggesting it is good to not secure the inboard end of the cable. Is that so? Is that your only reason?